Castres, established in the 9th century around the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Benoît, has a rich and multifaceted history. It evolved into a significant religious center in the medieval period and later became a bustling trading hub. The town flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries, evidenced by the construction of grand townhouses by affluent merchants and magistrates. During the Wars of Religion, Castres was a Protestant stronghold before returning to Catholic rule. The Industrial Revolution furthered its economic prosperity, particularly through textile manufacturing. Despite modern development, Castres has preserved its historical charm, evident in its architecture and cultural sites. This blend of historical depth and contemporary growth continues to define Castres, making it a unique and vibrant town in southern France.